Theory, Instrumentation, and Applications of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oximetry

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Theory

In 1921, Gerlach and Stern observed that a beam of silver atoms splits into two lines when it is subjected to a magnetic field [1–3]. While the line splitting in optical spectra, first found by Zeeman in 1896 [4, 5], could be explained by the angular momentum of the electrons, the s-electron of silver could not be subject to such a momentum, not to mention that an azimuthal quantum number l = 1...

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Theory

In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry and applications in the brain

Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential to brain function and mechanisms necessary to regulate variations in delivery or utilization of O2 are crucial to support normal brain homeostasis, physiology and energy metabolism. Any imbalance in cerebral tissue partial pressure of O2 (pO2) levels may lead to pathophysiological complications including increased reactive O2 species generation leading to oxid...

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

where E0 is the energy level without any external magnetic field B = B0êz. Again, g denotes the g factor[5]. For induced transitions, the selection rule is ∆ms = ±1. For unpaired electrons, however, this selection rule is observed for all transitions, as S = 12 and, hence, ms ∈ {− 12 , 2}. The previous formulas are based on the assumption that the response of the material on the external magnet...

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Hyperpolarization via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a versatile method to dramatically enhance the liquid-state NMR signal of X-nuclei and can be used for performing metabolic and molecular imaging. It was recently demonstrated that instead of incorporating persistent radicals as source of unpaired electron spins, required for DNP, nonpersistent radicals can be photoinduced ...